Summary information and primary citation

PDB-id
8ffi; DSSR-derived features in text and JSON formats
Class
immune system
Method
cryo-EM (2.7 Å)
Summary
Structure of tetramerized mapsparta upon guide RNA-mediated target DNA binding
Reference
Shen Z, Yang XY, Xia S, Huang W, Taylor DJ, Nakanishi K, Fu TM (2023): "Oligomerization-mediated activation of a short prokaryotic Argonaute." Nature, 621, 154-161. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06456-z.
Abstract
While eukaryotic Argonautes and long prokaryotic Argonautes (pAgos) cleave nucleic acids, some short pAgos lack nuclease activity and hydrolyze NAD(P)+ to induce bacterial cell death1. We present a hierarchical activation pathway for SPARTA, a short pAgo consisting of an Ago protein and an associated protein TIR-APAZ2. SPARTA progresses through distinct oligomeric forms, including a monomeric apo state, a monomeric RNA/DNA-bound state, two dimeric RNA/DNA-bound states, and a tetrameric RNA/DNA-bound active state. These snapshots together identify oligomerization as a mechanistic principle of SPARTA activation. Apo SPARTA is inactive, its RNA/DNA-binding channel occupied an auto-inhibitory motif in TIR-APAZ. Upon RNA/DNA binding, SPARTA transitions from a monomer to a symmetric and then an asymmetric dimer, in which two TIR domains interact via charge and shape complementarity. Next, two dimers assemble into a tetramer with a central TIR cluster responsible for hydrolyzing NAD(P)+. Additionally, we observed unique features of SPARTA-RNA/DNA interactions, including competition between the DNA 3' end and the auto-inhibitory motif, interactions between the RNA G2 nucleotide and Ago, and splaying of the RNA-DNA duplex by two loops exclusive to short pAgos. Together, our findings contribute a mechanistic basis for the activation of short pAgos, a large section of the Ago superfamily.

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